During operation, the rig uses rotary or percussive drilling methods to penetrate soil, sediment, and bedrock layers. The drill string, composed of connected rods and a specialized drill bit, is powered by the rig’s hydraulic or mechanical system to create a borehole. Casing pipes are simultaneously installed to stabilize the well structure and prevent collapse. Advanced models may feature automated controls, real-time monitoring systems, and mud pumps to manage cuttings and maintain borehole integrity.